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Rodríguez-Puentes, M., & Zarate-Guerrero, S. (2019). Factores neurobiológicos asociados a la adquisición de los trastornos depresivos: una revisión. Documentos De Trabajo Areandina, (1). https://doi.org/10.33132/26654644.1510
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Abstract
El estudio de los factores neurobiológicos asociados a la depresión ha estado circunscrito de forma preponderante a la hipótesis monoaminérgica, de gran aceptación, dada la efectividad clínica de los fármacos inhibidores de los procesos de recaptación y de degradación de la serotonina y la noradrenalina. La hipótesis neurotrófica pone el énfasis en las deficiencias de BDNF (del inglés brain-derived neurotrophic factor), aunque no como factor autónomo sino como coexistente de las disfunciones de monoaminas. El interés en ella ha aumentado debido a los efectos antidepresivos de la ketamina, los cuales han dado lugar a una hipótesis glutamatérgica, consolidada por escaneos cerebrales y análisis post mortem de los tejidos cerebrales, corroborándose la disfunción de la trasmisión de glutamato en pacientes depresivos. Dada la función del glutamato en la neuroplasticidad, y la importancia del BDNF al respecto, estas dos hipótesis están relacionadas. Ahora bien, la influencia de las interneuronas de somasostatina en los procesos metabólicos del BDNF y del glutamato, y la importancia del GABA para el funcionamiento de aquellas, han puesto a este en el centro hipotético de la etiología. Otros estudios han hallado que factores como el nivel de hidratación, el tipo de dieta o el consumo de nutrientes específicos tienen un impacto significativo. También se encuentra una diferenciación en los genes que predisponen a la depresión en cada sexo. La interacción entre los diversos factores apunta a una multidimensionalidad biológica, respecto de la etiología de la depresión, sin que haya aún una explicación completa y definitiva. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de los factores neurobiológicos asociados con la adquisición y desarrollo de la depresión. Para esto, se realizó una búsqueda y clasificación de artículos en diferentes bases de datos, posteriormente, se resumen las hipótesis más descritas en la literatura haciendo énfasis en las teorías más recientes.
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Demenescu, L. R., Colic, L., Li, M., Safron, A., Biswal, B., Metzger, C. D., Li, S., & Walter, M. (2017). A spectroscopic approach toward depression diagnosis: local metabolism meets functional connectivity. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 267(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-016-0726-1
Deutschenbaur, L., Beck, J., Kiyhankhadiv, A., Mühlhauser, M., Borgwardt, S., Walter, M., Hasler, G., Sollberger, D., & Lang, U. E. (2016). Role of calcium, glutamate and NMDA in major depression and therapeutic application. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 64(4), 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.015
Doidge, N. (2015). The brain that changes itself: Stories of personal triumph from the frontiers of brain science. Viking Press.
Drobisza, D., & Damborská, A. (2019). Deep brain stimulation targets for treating depression. Behavioural Brain Research, 359(1), 266-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.004
Duman, R. S., Sanacora, G., & Krystal, J. H. (2019). Altered connectivity in depression: GABA and Glutamate neurotransmitter deficits and reversal by novel treatments. Neuron, 102(1) 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.013
Dweck, C. S. (2007). La actitud del éxito. Javier Vergara Editor.
El Tiempo-Justicia. (2019, 16 de abril). Suicidios han crecido este año casi un 6 %. El Tiempo. https://bit.ly/3HoZ1DT
Field-Fote, E. C. (2015). Exciting recovery: augmenting practice with stimulation to optimize outcomes after spinal cord injury. Progress in Brain Research, 218, 103-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.12.006
Foland-Ross, L. C., Gilbert, B. L., Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2015). Neural markers of familial risk for depression: An investigation of cortical thickness abnormalities in healthy adolescent daughters of mothers with recurrent depression. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science, 124(3), 476-485. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/abn0000050
Goodale, E. P. (2007) El papel de la norepinefrina y de la dopamina en la depresión. RET, Revista de Toxicomanías, (50), 19-22. https://www.cat-barcelona.com/uploads/rets/Ret50_4.pdf
Hamilton, J. P., Siemer, M., & Gotlib, I. H (2008). Amygdala volume in major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 13(11), 993-1000. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fmp.2008.57
Huang, D., Zhang, L., Yang, J., Luo, Y., Cui, T., Du, T.-t., & Jiang, X.-h. (2019). Evaluation on monoamine neurotransmitters changes in depression rats given with sertraline, meloxicam or/and caffeic acid. Genes & Diseases, 6(2), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2018.05.005
Jacka, F. N. (2017). Nutritional psychiatry: Where to next? eBioMedicine, 17, 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ebiom.2017.02.020
Johansson, O., Bjärehed, J., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P, & Lundh, L.-G. (2019). Effectiveness of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for depression in routine psychiatry: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 17, 100247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.100247
Jokela, M., García-Velázquez, R., Airaksinen, J., Gluschkoff, K., Kivimäki, M., & Rosenström, T. (2019). Chronic diseases and social risk factors in relation to specific symptoms of depression: Evidence from the U.S. national health and nutrition examination surveys. Journal of Affective Disorders, 251, 242-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.074
Kagan, J. (1997). Temperament and the reactions to unfamiliarity. Child Development, 68(1), 139-143. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1131931?origin=JSTOR-pdf
Kim, C.-S., & Shin, D.-M. (2019). Probiotic food consumption is associated with lower severity and prevalence of depression: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Nutrition, 63-64, 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.007
Kronenberg, G., Kirste, I., Inta, D., Chourbaji, S., Heuser, I., Endres, M., & Gass, P. (2009). Reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in the GR+/− genetic mouse model of depression. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 259, 499-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-009-0036-y
Labonté, B., Engmann, O., Purushothaman, I., Menard, C., Wang, J., Tan C., Scarpa, J. R., Moy, G. Loh, Y.-H. E., Cahill, M., Lorsch, Z. S., Hamilton, P. J., Calipari, E. S., Hodes, G. E., Issler, O., Kronman, H., Pfau, M., Obradovic, A, L. J., Dong, Y., Neve, R., ... Nestler, E. J. (2017). Sex specific transcriptional signatures in human depression. Nature Medicine, 23(9), 1102-111. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4386
Lener, M. S., Niciu, M. J., Ballard, E. D., Park, M., Park, L. T., Nugent, A. C., & Zarate Jr., C, A. (2017). Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric acid systems in the pathophysiology of major depression and antidepressant response to ketamine. Biological Psychiatry, 81(10), 886-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.05.005
Macías, M. A., Madariaga Orozco, C., Valle Amarís, M. y Zambrano, J. (2013). Estrategias de afrontamiento individual y familiar frente a situaciones de estrés psicológico. Psicología desde el Caribe, 30(1), 123-145. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/213/21328600007.pdf
MacQueen, G., & Frodl, T (2011). The hippocampus in major depression: evidence for the convergence of the bench and bedside in psychiatric research? Molecular Psychiatry, 16, 252–264. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2010.80
Mathews, D. C., Henter, I. D., & Zárate Jr., C. A. (2012). Targeting the Glutamatergic system to treat major depressive disorder. Rationale and progress to date. Drugs, 72(10), 1313–1333. https://doi.org/10.2165/11633130-000000000-00000
McEwen, B. S., Nasca, C., & Gray, J. D. (2016). Stress effects on neuronal structure: hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41, 3–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2015.171
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social y Colciencias (2015). Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental, Tomo I. https://bit.ly/3xrwYiF
Murrough, J. W., Abdallah, C. G., & Mathew, S. J. (2017). Targeting glutamate signalling in depression: progress and prospects. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 16, 472-486. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd.2017.16
Peterson, J. B. (2018). 12 Rules for life. Penguin Allen Lane.
Pross, N., Demazières, A., Girard, N., Barnouin, R., Metzger, D., Klein, A., Perrier, E., & Guelinckx, I., (2014). Effects of changes in water intake on mood of high and low drinkers. PLoS One, 9(4): e94754. https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0094754
Real Academia Española. (2018). Plasticidad. Diccionario de la lengua española (edición del tricentenario). https://dle.rae.es/plasticidad?m=form
Reyes, A. F. (2013). Herencia no genética, competencia lingüística, experiencia prenatal y manipulación de la conducta: aportes recientes de la neurobiología conductual y la neuropsicología a la explicación del comportamiento. Avances en Psicología Latinoamericana, 31(1), 223-240. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=79928610018
Ruggiero, R. N., Bueno-Júnior, L. S., de Ross, J. B., Fachim, H. A., Padovan-Neto, F. E., Merlo, S., Rohner, C. J. S., Ikeda, É. T., Brusco, J., & Moreira, J. E. (2011). Neurotransmissão glutamatérgica e plasticidade sináptica: aspectos moleculares, clínicos e filogenéticos. Medicina (Ribeirão Preto), 44(2), 143-156. https://www.revistas.usp.br/rmrp/article/view/47348
Russo, S. J., & Nestler, E. J. (2013). The brain reward circuitry in mood disorders. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14, 609–625. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3381
Sanacora, G., Treccani, G., & Popoli, M. (2012). Towards a glutamate hypothesis of depression: An emerging frontier of neuropsychopharmacology for mood disorders. Neuropharmacology, 62(1), 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.07.036
Serrano Sánchez, T., y Díaz Armesto, I. (1998). Factor de crecimiento derivado del cerebro: aspectos de actualidad. Revista de Neurología, 26(154), 1027-1032. https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.26154.98019
Shapero, B. G., Chai, X. J., Vangel, M., Biederman, J., Hoover, C. S., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Hirshfeld-Becker, D. R. (2019). Neural markers of depression risk predict the onset of depression. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 285, 31-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.006
Solomon, A. (2015). El demonio de la depresión. Editorial Debate.
Strong, C. E., & Kabbaj, M. (2018). On the safety of repeated ketamine infusions for the treatment of depression: Effects of sex and developmental periods. Neurobiology of Stress, 9, 166-175. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ynstr.2018.09.001
Ter Laak, J. J. F. (1996). Las cinco grandes dimensiones de la personalidad. Revista de Psicología, 14(2), 129-181: https://doi.org/10.18800/psico.199602.002
Trueta, C. (2014). La liberación de calcio de los depósitos intracelulares promueve la secreción de serotonina en terminales sinápticas. Salud Mental, 37(2), 103-110. http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/sm/v37n2/v37n2a3.pdf
Van Buren, A., & Cooley, E. L. (2002). Attachment styles, view of self and negative affect. North American Journal of Psychology, 4(3), 417-430. https://digitalcommons.sacredheart.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1084&context=psych_fac
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